Face anti-spoofing (FAS) secures face recognition from presentation attacks (PAs). Existing FAS methods usually supervise PA detectors with handcrafted binary or pixel-wise labels. However, handcrafted labels may are not the most adequate way to supervise PA detectors learning sufficient and intrinsic spoofing cues. Instead of using the handcrafted labels, we propose a novel Meta-Teacher FAS (MT-FAS) method to train a meta-teacher for supervising PA detectors more effectively. The meta-teacher is trained in a bi-level optimization manner to learn the ability to supervise the PA detectors learning rich spoofing cues. The bi-level optimization contains two key components: 1) a lower-level training in which the meta-teacher supervises the detector's learning process on the training set; and 2) a higher-level training in which the meta-teacher's teaching performance is optimized by minimizing the detector's validation loss. Our meta-teacher differs significantly from existing teacher-student models because the meta-teacher is explicitly trained for better teaching the detector (student), whereas existing teachers are trained for outstanding accuracy neglecting teaching ability. Extensive experiments on five FAS benchmarks show that with the proposed MT-FAS, the trained meta-teacher 1) provides better-suited supervision than both handcrafted labels and existing teacher-student models; and 2) significantly improves the performances of PA detectors.

Biometric systems are vulnerable to the Presentation Attacks (PA) performed using various Presentation Attack Instruments (PAIs). Even though there are numerous Presentation Attack Detection (PAD) techniques based on both deep learning and hand-crafted features, the generalization of PAD for unknown PAI is still a challenging problem. The common problem with existing deep learning-based PAD techniques is that they may struggle with local optima, resulting in weak generalization against different PAs. In this work, we propose to use self-supervised learning to find a reasonable initialization against local trap, so as to improve the generalization ability in detecting PAs on the biometric system.The proposed method, denoted as IF-OM, is based on a global-local view coupled with De-Folding and De-Mixing to derive the task-specific representation for PAD.During De-Folding, the proposed technique will learn region-specific features to represent samples in a local pattern by explicitly maximizing cycle consistency. While, De-Mixing drives detectors to obtain the instance-specific features with global information for more comprehensive representation by maximizing topological consistency. Extensive experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve significant improvements in terms of both face and fingerprint PAD in more complicated and hybrid datasets, when compared with the state-of-the-art methods. Specifically, when training in CASIA-FASD and Idiap Replay-Attack, the proposed method can achieve 18.60% Equal Error Rate (EER) in OULU-NPU and MSU-MFSD, exceeding baseline performance by 9.54%. Code will be made publicly available.